Structure of a Scientific Paper Essays - Philosophy Of Science

Structure of a Scientific Paper A logical paper is comprised of six sections; all should be composed with a specific goal in mind and should utilize legitimate English. Analyses are utilized to demonstrate or refute speculations, and afterward the discoveries are accounted for in a logical paper. The logical paper can incorporate other researcher work in it likewise however is must be referenced. They can likewise utilize different assets in, for example, passages from diaries and articles of magazines and books. A logical papers segments are the theoretical, presentation, materials, results, conversation, and affirmations. A logical paper ought to be written in short legitimate sentences, utilizing appropriate language structure and legitimate English. You should use past tense in the theoretical, materials and results segments. You would likewise use past tense when alluding to your trial in the presentation and conversation. For your estimations you would need to utilize metric units since it is a general estimation and a lot simpler to change over to. When composing a logical paper, researcher don't just utilize their own data and information, they can likewise utilize other researcher exploration and analyses to back up their own work or to make correlations. You may likewise utilize letters, research, note articles, supplemental, article surveys and articles from natural magazines and other logical investigates. The initial segment of a logical paper ought to be the theoretical, which sums up the inquiry that your examination depends on. It ought to incorporate your strategies, results and you ought to likewise make an inference in this segment. It ought to be composed after your paper is finished. The following part is the presentation, which ought to present the issues and inquiries in an onlookers see. It ought to incorporate an announcement to envelop your theory. The third part of a logical paper is the materials segment. It ought to talk about the when, where, and how your analysis was finished. It ought to incorporate the particular dates, times and area the tests occurred. It should state how the examination was set up and how you completed it and what number of preliminaries you did. The Results is the following piece of the paper, it ought to clarify the information you gathered, and you can't decipher your information. You should utilize tables or outlines to show your information and give a title and inscription portraying any patterns, contrasts you notice in the information. You shouldn't utilize the two tables and a composed depiction of your information; simply compose inscriptions talking about your outcomes. The following meeting would be the conversations, here you can decipher your information, you ought to look at the outcomes and show whether the aftereffects of the examination bolstered your speculation. Show whether the analysis responded to your inquiry and if any new inquiries came up. The last piece of you logical paper ought to be the affirmations, it ought to perceive the benefactors of your paper whether they gave you exhort, provided you with gear or helped you. Notwithstanding on the off chance that they contributed fundamentally they ought to be composed as creators, you ought to likewise refer to the creators you alluded to all through your paper. The refering to ought to be in alphabetic request of the creator's name. A logical paper must be sorted out and is exceptionally mind boggling. It must incorporate each of the six parts or it will be dismissed and not thought about a logical paper. It should utilize right language structure and utilize metric units for the estimations. It should bode well to and be exceptionally clear to comprehend for anybody. It must show whether the investigation was a triumph or disappointment and state why. Spare Submit

Importance of Arts Essay Paper Example For Students

Significance of Arts Essay Paper Youngsters initially figure out how to react tastefully to their condition through touch, taste, sound and smell, and their normal interest recommends a requirement for tangible experience. Visual expressions training assists with creating tangible mindfulness. Every kid has a scope of insights and he/she needs an assortment of learning encounters so as to create them completely. Visual expressions exercises empower youngsters to understand and to communicate their reality in visual, substantial structure. The advancement of the youngster can't be finished without uncovering her/him to craftsmanship and music particularly, which are the essential types of tasteful appreciation. Learning through human expressions Fosters combination of an understudies tactile, subjective, passionate, and engine limits. For instance, hands-on materials and exercises can move understudies to move from the solid to the theoretical, and understudies can create thoughts. Is agreeable, satisfying and furthermore mentally thorough teaches, Stimulates and builds up the creative mind and basic reasoning, and refines subjective and innovative aptitudes. Grows fine engine abilities of youngsters. Rehashing stories, sonnets, and tunes reinforces memory. Help to level the learning field across financial limits. Reinforces critical thinking and basic reasoning aptitudes, expanding scholastic accomplishment. Gives a characteristic wellspring Of learning. Kid improvement authorities note that play is the matter of little youngsters; play is the manner in which kids advance and upgrade their turn of events. Expressions of the human experience are a most common vehicle for play. Builds up a feeling of craftsmanship, quality errand execution, and objective setting abilities expected to prevail in the study hall. Shows youngsters fundamental abilities, for example, building up an educated discernment; articulating a dream; figuring out how to take care of issues and decide; building mythical person certainty and self-restraint; building up the capacity to envision what may be; and tolerating duty to finish errands jog all the way. Supports significant qualities, including group building abilities; regarding elective perspectives; and acknowledging and monitoring various societies and customs. Give a characteristic vehicle through which understudies can investigate and communicate and find and decipher their general surroundings. Decreases childrens negative perspectives toward school and create certainty and satisfaction as inspiration. Move assists work with motoring control, body connections, and an ability to know east from west. Drawing, chiseling, and other visual expressions create spatial sharpness. Gathering exercises, for example, learning move steps or singing tunes, fabricate social abilities. As youngsters depict individuals and things in their reality utilizing pictures, body minutes, and emulate, they improve their clear, nonverbal, subjective abilities. Grow and develop the capacity to focus and powers of convergence of understudies, their capacity to tune in, watch intently, decipher what they see and empowers them to turn out to be progressively mindful and fearless. Improves scholarly and enthusiastic advancement tot kids. Supports inventive and yeoman perspectives, immediacy, instinct and ad lib. Create understudies capacity to think innovatively and basically. Sustain and invigorate the creative mind of understudies and assist them with picking up experiences into the overloud around them and to speak to their understandings in different manners. Urges them to face challenges, to tackle issues in inventive ways, and to attract on their creativity to expand on new thoughts. Gives chances to separation of guidance and learning situations. Distinguish basic qualities, both tasteful and human, in different centerpieces, and increment their comprehension of others. Urge understudies to be mindful and fundamentally educated citizenry and residents of the world. Figure out how to move toward issues, make and present thoughts, contemplations, sentiments and focuses see in new ways. Utilization of present and developing innovations (e. G. , video, sight and sound) is coordinated in the four teaches as methods for recording upgrading, conveying, and reconsidering thoughts. Extend their mindfulness and energy about the idea of expressions of the human experience and comprehend what specialists, artists, on-screen characters, and artists do as people and as a network Help to reflect record, celebrate, and give to people in the future the stockpile and aggregate stories, qualities, advancements, and conventions that make us one of a kind. Meet John Doe: Fighting for Social Integrity EssayAssessment Areas for appraisal would include: the childs capacity to pick and use materials, apparatuses and media for a specific assignment or venture, successfully and with creativity the childs expressive utilization of visual media in structures and in creating structure the nature of the childs reactions to fine arts, and his/her capacity to make associations between his/her own work and crafted by others the childs way to deal with and level of inclusion with an errand the childs commitment to bunch action, Reflection students had the option to utilize scissors and paste appropriately without spilling. They cut UT shapes genuinely well. Papers were put on the tables to encourage cleaning. Be that as it may, for a piece, students need bunches of training and introduction. It was a pleasant encounter both for the educator and the understudies. I realized the exercise would be surveyed, so I contemplated my instructing and arranged more. My introduction pulled in the understudies and terminated their creative mind. They focused and gave dynamic reaction. I felt better. Accept that readiness is the way in to an effective exercise. End Creative Education frames some portion of the essential educational plan however it has been completely chosen, especially after Standard Ill, as a result of the COPE assessment. An ordinary and satisfactory gracefully Of materials and apparatuses is basic for expanding on staff intrigue and excitement. It is likewise essential to anticipate subordinate assets, for example, cleaning materials, drying offices and show and extra room. The information and aptitudes created in the investigation of human expressions can thusly be applied in numerous different undertakings. Informative supplement (Quotes on significance of Arts) expressions of the human experience can assume a vital job in improving understudies capacities to learn, on the grounds that they draw on a scope of insights and learning styles, not simply the semantic ND sensible numerical insights whereupon most schools are based. (Persuasive Evidence: Arts at the Core Of Learning, Presidents Committee on the Arts and Humanities, discussing Howard Gardeners Theory of Multiple Intelligences, 1995) The Physical and Sensory Impact Of Arts Education An understudy making music encounters the synchronous commitment of faculties, muscles, and mind. Mind filters taken during amusing exhibitions show that for all intents and purposes the whole cerebral cortex is dynamic while artists are playing. (Learning and the Arts: Crossing Boundaries, 2000, p. 14) Dramatic play, hymning games, and melodies are a portion of the language-rich exercises that fabricate pre-understanding aptitudes. (Little youngsters and the Arts: Making Creative Connection, 1 BIB, p. ) Preschoolers who were given music console exercises improved their spatial-worldly thinking Used for understanding connections between articles, for example, ascertaining an extent or playing chess, (Education Leadership, November, 1998, p. 38) Creative movement is likewise a source tot bliss and marvel, while it offers its understudies to contact, taste, hear, and see the world, Children are intensely influenced by narrating, music, move, and the visual expressions.

Ecce Homo Sex and the Passion in Tiffany Reiszs THE PRINCE

Ecce Homo Sex and the Passion in Tiffany Reiszs THE PRINCE Trigger Warning: Discussions of rape follow. Earlier this year I started a little project of rereading Tiffany Reisz’s Original Sinners series with the intention of taking a critical look at Reisz’s use of theology and biblical reference throughout the eight book series. My plan was to write one long essay on the topic that tried to identify a series wide pattern. But about three books into the note taking process, two things happened: 1. I realized that this was going to be WAY too much information for a single essay. 2. I stumbled across something in The Prince (book 3) that had escaped my notice in previous rereadings of the series, and it made my nerd brain light up like a Lite-Brite. Before I get started: there’s no way to break down the two scenes I’ll be discussing without spoilers. So if you haven’t read the Original Sinners series yet, caveat lector. Series Summary In brief, the Original Sinners is an erotic romance series with a vast cast of characters, but most of the plot revolves around three central figures: Nora Sutherlin, an erotica writer and professional dominatrix; Kingsley Edge, an ex-spy and the king of the series’ BDSM underground; and Søren, shadow king of the underground, consummate sadist, and priest. Reisz and her fans call these three the unholy trinity (though I’m not sure who coined the term), and that’s not just a tongue in cheek reference to Søren’s profession. Over the course of the series the three of them do, in fact, come to embody the figures of the trinity, sometimes interchangeably. The scene in The Prince that I want to pull apart and look at in detail takes place between Søren and Kingsley, at a moment when King is very much standing in the role of Christ. However, in order to understand both the scene and its significance to the larger series, I need to start with a brief moment from the first book of the series, The Siren. Ecce Homo In The Siren, Nora introduces her editor Zach Easton to a reproduction of Antonio Ciseri’s painting Ecce Homo, which hangs in her (and Søren’s) church. During the ensuing conversation, readers are given two important pieces of information: a description of what Nora calls “Søren’s impressively twisted theology of the trinity”: “God the Father inflicted the suffering and humiliation, God the Son submitted to it willingly and God the Holy Spirit gave Christ the grace to endure it.” (120) and an analysis of Ciseri’s painting that both illustrates Søren’s theology and foreshadows the scene form The Prince that I will be discussing. I have always loved sacred art. It ranges from the beautiful to the gruesome, and sometimes manages to be both at the same time. Depictions of the Passion in particular fit into either or both of these categories, depending on the artist’s interpretation. The painting by Ciseri (above), for example, prefers beauty. Though the scene of the scourging technically calls for blood and physical wounding, Christ’s body here is depicted as untouched. As Nora explains to Zach, “Ciseri is emphasizing Christ’s beauty, not His beating” (121). She goes on to point out that it’s not very accurate, but then most depictions of the crucifixion aren’t technically accurate because they always show Christ partially clothed. But in fact victims of the crucifixion were always stripped “to add to their shame and humiliation”. These few pages of The Siren during which Nora analyzes and contextualizes this image of Christ make up only a tiny moment of the 400+ page novel. But contained within this single scene is the essence of what ended up being (at this point) an eight book series which has spawned a prequel novel as well as multiple novellas and short stories.  The scene concludes with Nora telling Zach that Jesus understands the “purpose” of all the pain and suffering, that better than anyone he understands it’s all for salvation and love. And the idea that suffering (in a myriad of forms, good and bad) and love are inseparable is very much the theme of the entire Original Sinner’s series. But it is when Nora directs Zach’s attention to the women in the painting that she begins to touch on the aspect of Ciseri’s painting that is most relevant to the “Ecce Homo” scene in The Prince that I want to look at. The two women who appear in Ciseri’s painting are Mary Magdalene and Mary, Jesus’s mother. And in the painting they are the only two not gawking at Jesus the way Pilate invites the crowd to do. Mary cannot even look, she has her back to the scene, and though Mary Magdalene it seems cannot or will not turn away, even her eyes are downcast away from his exposed form. “Look how Ciseri painted Jesus. See the curve of His back and shoulders. It is a classic feminine posture. His hands are tied behind His back, and His robe is falling over His hips. And all the men are just pointing and staring and gawking. But the womenâ€"see them?â€"they can’t bear it. One’s looking down and she […] can’t even look. She has to hold on to the other woman just to keep from collapsing. […] They know what He’s feeling. The women always know. They know it isn’t just a beating or a murder they’re being forced to witness. It wasn’t even just a crucifixion. It was a sexual assault, Zach. It was a rape.” (122) It’s a big claim. I remember just having to sit with that analysis for a moment when I first read The Siren because it was so different from every reading of that scene Id been taught. And I’m sure it would send some scholars screaming into the night, though others might agree with her interpretation. But what is important about Nora’s analysis of the painting isn’t its academic validity or lack thereof. Rather what is important is, again, the way it both illustrates the theme of the entire series andâ€"more specific to my purpose hereâ€"foreshadows Søren and Kingsley’s violent (albeit consensual) first time in The Prince. Behold the Man Depending on who you ask (or which reviews you read) the scene in which Søren and Kingsely first have sexâ€"in a flashback to their teenage yearsâ€"is either the first act in a consensual if questionable relationship between two damaged and estranged teenage boys, or it’s a rape. It’s a divisive scene in an already divisive series. But it’s not just the readers shouting rape. The general consensus of the adults in Kingsley’s life is that he has been raped, though they never know it was Søren who was responsible. Even readers who don’t view the scene as a rape are aware of the deliberately ambiguous way in which it was written. Reisz created a scene that was both violent and tender, beautiful and bloody, and leaves it to us to argue over interpretation. She depicts Kingsley’s first submission to Søren as nothing less than a sacrifice of pain and suffering, willingly given. The imagery and staging in the scene is deliberate, and the similarity to the stages of Christs passion unmistakable once you see itâ€"I kicked myself when I realized that I had somehow missed it in prior rereads. I think the only reason that I saw the connection this time was that I was collecting quotes related to Catholicism in Reisz’s series, and had just read the painting scene from The Siren the day before. The scene in The Prince actually begins with Kingsley running away from Søren. From the moment they met the connection between the two boys felt more like something preordained than just a case of teenage lust (with which Kingsley is very familiar), and Søren frightens Kingsley as much as he attracts him. He is fully aware how much this strange attraction between them has changed his life already. He reflects, moments before the scene in question, that Søren, who he knew then as Stearns, “had ruined him. Ruined everything.” (122). They’re about to be separated for the summer, and instead of celebrating three months back in “civilization,” he’s lamenting being away from Søren/Stearns. He thinks about him constantly. And yet when Søren can no longer resist the connection between them, Kingsley turns and runs into the forest: “Stearns took a step forward. Kingsley took a step back. Stearns stopped. Kingsley ran.” (123) I was stuck on this scene for the longest time, trying to figure out why Kingsley runs. He mentions being afraid. Does he have a moment of doubt like Jesus in Gethsemane? On the previous page one of teachers at the school jokes that his rose garden is his Gethsemane, and it is in this Garden, right before Søren/Stearns appears, that Kingsley is praying for strength. But why is he so afraid of something that up until that moment he wanted so much? Or is he afraid because he wants it so much? The dense woods around the school frighten Kingsley but in that moment he runs towards that unknown. Because what’s behind him, what Søren represents, is even more frightening? It literally took me writing this piece to realize that it’s Kingsley’s fear, not the source of this fear, that matters. His flight through the forest is the portion of the encounter that mimics Jesus’s progression towards Calvary. As Christ must have been afraid while walking towards his death, so Kingsley was afraid running towards his own fears and “death.” So it doesnt matter whether he was running towards or away from his fears, Kingsley runs knowing that he won’t escape Søren one way or the other. Knowing as Christ did that the sacrifice he is moving towards is inevitable, destined. Though, unlike Christ, Kingsley has no way of knowing what his sacrifice will buy. As he runs branches whip him, “stinging his skin, his face,” and he forces himself to keep going “despite the pain of the branches beating him, despite the fear that nearly felled him” (124). The scourging. At one point Kingsley drops to his knees to crawl under a thicket and cries out “when the thorns of a bush cut into his forehead” but still he keeps going. The crown of thorns. When Søren catches him at one point, and shoves him against a tree, the bark “bites” into his back, and when Kingsley manages to get loose he rips a little silver cross off of Søren’s neck in the process. He takes it with him when he resumes running, carrying the cross “up the side of the mountain.” When Kingsley can go no further, Søren strips him naked and forces him down to the ground, and it is Kingsley’s thoughts in that moment which link us linguistically with the painting scene in The Siren: “This wasn’t how he wanted it…not here on the forest floor, broken and bloodied and terrified. But he would take this pain, this humiliation. For the communion he’d prayed for, he would take it all.” (125) When Søren first penetrates him, that moment that echoes the piercing of Christ’s hands and feet, Kingsley is laying with “One arm stretched out to the east. The other to the west.” (125) which both indicates that his arms were outstretched in the form of the cross, and which references Psalms 103:12: “As far as the east is from the west, so far has he removed our sins from us.” And all the while Kingsley clings tight to the cross in his hand. This is where it gets really interesting for me. Because this isn’t just a sex scene that was written this way to be shocking, and the proof is in that verse from Psalms. As Christ died on the cross to forgive the sins of the world, so Kingsley “died” for the forgiveness of Søren’s sins. Of all the characters in this series, Søren’s background is the darkest, and the most horrifying. He can’t forgive himself for what he did (whether it was his fault or not), or for what he is. Not until Kingsley. And it is because of his love for Kingsley, which helps Søren to unlock his heart, that he is ultimately able to become a priest and one of the most compelling, holy figures in the series. Søren is God to Kingsley, to the point where he has such faith in Søren that he is willing to sacrifice himself, despite his fear, in order to earn Søren’s love. But the great beauty of this whole scene is that, to Søren, Kingsley is Christ crucified and Søren himself only a lowest si nner, saved by grace. The Purpose of Suffering Okay, so why? Why write this scene this way? Why did Kingsley voluntarily offer himself up to be stripped naked and brutalized on a forest floor, to such an extent that it would take him weeks to heal? And during which period of healing he’d have to suffer being asked by everyone around him who had raped him, as they unknowingly belittled the most transcendent moment of his life? Why subject himself to the pain of any of it? Why did he have to submit himself to all that just for Søren’s sake? Because in the moment of Kingsley’s death, he understands what Nora refers to in that first sceneâ€"what she says Jesus understands: “the purpose of pain and shame and humiliation” (The Siren, 122). “What is the purpose?” Zach asked, truly wanting to know. Nora’s eyes returned to the two women in the foreground clinging to each other in sympathy and horror. “For salvation, of course. For love.” If youre interested in learning more about Tiffany Reiszs series and her other works, the best place to start is her website. Along with the Original Sinners series shes also written a few contemporary romances for Harlequin Blaze, two erotic romances in a second series, and three fantastic novels that lean more towards literary fiction. I put together a Reading Pathway that can get you started with Reiszs works, and keep an eye on posts here at Book Riot. For instance, her most recent novel  The Rose turned up on our Most Anticipated Books of 2019 post at the start of this year. Sign up for Kissing Books to receive  news, book recommendations, and more for residents of Romancelandia. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Creating A Language Barrier That Has Impacted On...

When I was in the eleventh grade I took Spanish I and passed it with a B. Now, if someone were to ask me to translate Spanish into English I would probably laugh in their face. Notice, I never said I took Spanish II. In today’s society language barriers are a constant challenge that Human Resource Development faces and the issue is only getting worse. â€Å"The growing number of Hispanics in America, particularly in the Midwest and South, is creating a language barrier that has impacted how governments and businesses provide services† (Language Barriers Cause Problems, n.d.). Besides English, Spanish is the second most popular language with more than 37 million native Spanish speakers in the United States, but other languages such as German, Korean, and French are also increasing (Brunner, n.d.). Mentioned below is a great example as to why companies seek cultural diversity in their organizations: Many companies strive to diversify their workforce by focusing on recruiting and hiring workers of different cultural backgrounds and nationalities. A multicultural workforce can offer benefits such as a broader range of perspectives and a greater ability to compete in the global marketplace. Introducing new languages and cultures into a work environment can also create barriers that must be overcome. (Joseph, 2016) To start with the obvious, language barriers in the workplace result in communication challenges. Communication challenges can become an issue when it comes toShow MoreRelatedSuccessful Women Hr in India13762 Words   |  56 Pagesimportant to have integrity and be who you are. Have the courage to stand up for your beliefs and convictions. If you manage to remain authentic and true to yourself, you are bound to have a great career. My HR style Fortunately, as a bank, we weren’t impacted by the economic slowdown last year. However, the timing of the downturn coincided with the merger integration process of the bnk with Centurion Bank of Punjab (the largest merger in the private banking space). One of the most challenging tasks IRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesbusiness innovation in companies at a far faster rate than would have been the case if there had been no boom; that is, without those effects, innovation might not have taken place at all. All this business growth has caused increasing complexity in business action and decision making. It has presented chief executive officers (CEOs) and management leaders in all markets and industries with new intricacies in deciding how to weigh and time the business decisions—and the quality of those decisions—thatRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 PagesAssociation (AMA) defines market ing as â€Å"Marketing consists of those activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption. The AMA has since amended its definition to read as: â€Å"Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Hence it can be surmised that marketingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfor worse, and these we have captured to add to learning insights. After so many years of investigating mistakes, and more recently successes also, it might seem a challenge to keep these new editions fresh and interesting. The joy of the chase has made this an intriguing endeavor through the decades. Still, it is always difficult to abandon interesting cases that have stimulated student discussions and provoked useful insights, but newer case possibilities are ever contesting for inclusionRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesundertaken, using the case material. When planning the use of these cases within programmes, care needs to be taken to balance the time taken on such strategic analysis so as to allow the time required to analyse the main issues for which the case has been chosen. Where the text and cases are being used as the framework for a strategy programme (as we hope they will), it is essential that students are required to undertake additional reading from other sources and that their ‘practical’ work is supplementedRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagesnew Health Insurance Ex- 11 change, with a public health insurance option 12 alongside private plans; 13 (C) includes sliding scale affordability 14 credits; and 15 (D) initiates shared responsibility among 16 workers, employers, and the Government; 17 so that all Americans have coverage of essential 18 health benefits. 19 (4) HEALTH DELIVERY REFORM.—This division institutes health delivery system reforms both to in- 21 crease quality

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 2838 Words

Introduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder which can have severe impacts on the functionality of one’s life (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). An overview of OCD includes the various dimensions of the disorder, the diagnostic criteria, and the range of onset and how the beliefs and compulsions cause a vicious cycle. The aetiology of this disorder from the cognitive behavioural therapy [CBT] perspective is investigated and the strengths and weaknesses are identified and evaluated. CBT is a major paradigm used for patients with OCD. Different behavioural and cognitive techniques of CBT that are used in conjunction to tackle the obsessive-compulsive symptoms will be discussed. Overview Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterised by the occurrence of obsessions, compulsions or presentations of both. Obsessions include recurring thoughts, urges or images which can cause doubts in an individual (APA, 2013). Obsessions experienced by the individual are intrusive and can cause great distress. The relevance of the obsessions to real life threat is minimal and is different to excessive worry which is experienced in generalized anxiety disorder (APA, 2013). Common obsessions include thoughts of contamination or doubt of appliances being turned off. In order to manage the obsessive thoughts the individual results in acts of compulsion (Abramowitz, Taylor McKay, 2009). Compulsions are repetitive behaviours andShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1756 Words   |  8 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder that can affect children and adults. In order to fully understand OCD, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. First, OCD will be defined and the diagnosis criteria will be discussed. Secondly the prevalence of the disorder will be considered. 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For many years, OCD was thought to be rare. The actual number of people with OCD was hidden, because people would hide their problem to avoid embarrassment. Some recent studies show that as many as 3 million Americans ages 18 to 54 may have OCD at any one time. This is about 2.3% of the people in this age group. It strikes men and women inRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essays2616 Words   |  11 Pagesis a very powerful piece of structure; it is truly limitless when speaking about its potential. With a functional organ comes a dysfunctional possibility. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, (OCD), for instance, is nervousness in the mind. OCD is an anxiety disorder caused by repetitive intrusive thoughts and behaviors. It is a mental disorder marked by the involvement of a devotion to an idea or routine. Essentially, it is a false core belief which is believing that there is something wrong, causingRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3370 Words   |  14 Pages Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to prove that while medicationRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesOCD: Whats in Control? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8). OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3). This is a serious mental disorder that causes people to think and act certain things repetitively in order to calm the anxiety produced by a certain fear. Unlike compulsive drinking or gambling, OCD compulsions do not give the person pleasure; rather, the rituals are performed to obtainRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay examples1375 Words   |  6 PagesObsessive Compulsive Disorder â€Å"I know my hands are clean. I know that I have touched nothing dangerous. But†¦ I doubt my perception. Soon, if I do not wash, a mind numbing, searing anxiety will cripple me. A feeling of stickiness will begin to spread from the point of contamination and I will be lost in a place I do not want to go. So I wash until the feeling is gone, until the anxiety subsides. Then I feel defeated. So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)474 Words   |  2 Pages Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million Americans, and half a million children. Its a disease that fills the brain with unwanted ideas, and worries. OCD is a diseases that effects the Cerebral frontal cortex. Unfortunately there is no cure for OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder can start developing as early as age five. In most cases OCD controls your life. Through out the rest of this paper I hope to inform you on Obsessive compulsive Disorders

What You Should Do to Find Out About Human Affair Essay Topics Before Youre Left Behind

What You Should Do to Find Out About Human Affair Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind What is Really Going on with Human Affair Essay Topics Remember your essay is about solving problems, thus a solution ought to be a highlight of the essay. Your reader ought to know that your solution is not just the best from any other solution. however, it is economical, feasible etc.. If you can select the matter by yourself, it's possible to produce the issue of interest! Don't neglect to explain why the issue is valuable to you! Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. So without further ado, below are some effective writing tips to produce your common app essay stick out! The reader ought to take the author's side by the close of the reading. You may use a variety of examples which can be found on the world wide web at no cost. Most Noticeable Human Affair Essay Topics The college essay is among the most crucial face ts of your college application. A college essay topic may or might not be freely dependent on the student based on the course and the professor. Still, figuring out the very best topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. There are several persuasive essay topics to pick from to finish your high school or college assignment. The above-mentioned topic selection may give you a very clear comprehension of what things to write about. Deciding on your topic isn't that easy. So you don't actually need to obtain a topic! Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. Picking a topic is a critical issue that partly estimates final success of the job. Deciding upon the correct topic for a persuasive speech is occasionally not such an easy matter to do as it might appear. Sure, with this kind of a massive number of topics to select from, picking just one may be challenging. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points that you are able to counter to your own points. It is often as large or as small as it is possible to consider! The primary aim of topic choice for a proposal essay is to show the idea can be put into place in practice. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. Once you receive an idea, the practice of writing will be much simpler. The next thing to do is to brainstorm ideas. Human Affair Essay Topics There are a number of essay types which you are able to utilize to demonstrate your comprehension of the book. The thesis will provide you with a guideline about how to go about with writing the essay. If you're looking for college essay examples, here's a great one below. There are varieties of 1984 essay themes which you may decide to demonstrate your comprehension of the book. Someone reading the title should identify issues which are covered. You need to be able to use persuasive language. Curriculum proposal topics is a means to try. College application essay topics are an essential portion of an entertaining and compelling bit of writing. You may find there's a compelling argument for learning another language after all! You should develop a notion and offer some evidence. Ask your teacher in the event you have any questions about the subject you have decided on. Naturally, you might select any topic, nobody could possibly know that you're describing experience that you never actually had, but don't forget that it is always simpler to tell the truth than to invent lies. Normally, having three key arguments to demonstrate your point is sufficient for a convincing paper. As an example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. Before you commence writing a single word of your paper, you first will need to understand what your thesis will be. Not all research paper topics are made equal, and you would like to be sure you select a good topic before you commence writing. Very often it becomes tough to choose one particular topic either on account of the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. If you're able to write a really convincing piece on a real-world application utilizing unique facts and research, then your odds of receiving admission to a top level university will certainly grow! Many brilliant individuals who achieved success in life proved actually academic drop-outs. The success of a research paper mostly is contingent on the topic, which is why many of time is spent searching for the best research paper topics for college students. What to Expect From Human Affair Essay Topics? Attempting to compose a research paper on a topic that doesn't have a lot of research on it's incredibly hard, so before you choose a topic, do a little preliminary searching and be sure you're have all the info you must compose your paper. Choosing the right topics might take a while in case you don't have a list of sample topics before you. Even if a specific research paper topic is getting a great deal of buzz at the moment or other men and women seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic if you don't genuinely have some kind of interest in it also. Your response shouldn't be a book report. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Be somewhat strategic, and you are going to be able to write a great proposal essay. A pro posal essay is quite straightforward to comprehend. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Top Choices of Human Affair Essay Topics You just have to order an excellent essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in a number of fields. If you are in possession of a very clear idea of the needs of your assignments, you will discover that it is effortless to do your research. If you've ever taken an on-line class, you understand how different it can be from a standard face-to-face course.

Dixon Case free essay sample

In order to calculate WACC, we need to first start with the beta of equity. We are given the beta of equity of 1.06 of Dixon as a firm in Exhibit 7. However, the beta given is not an appropriate measure of the systematic risk of the Collinsville Plant, because Dixon produces many other chemical products other than Sodium Chlorate. Therefore, in order to accurately capture the systematic risk of the plant which only produces Sodium Chlorate, we decided to calculate the beta of equity with comparable firms’ beta. Selection of Comparable Firms: We use â€Å"Brunswick Chemical† and â€Å"Southern Chemicals† as the comps to calculate the ÃŽ ²E ,because they are firms that only produce Sodium Chlorate that have similar capital structure as Dixon and are located in the Southeastern region. Static or Dynamic Debt: We determine that Dixon has dynamic debt to keep a relative constant D/E ratio from the data available in the financial statements of Dixon Corporation (Exhibit 7); therefore, the â€Å"tax term† is removed from our calculation of WACC. 3 million in 1980 and rise steadily to a stabilized level of near $12 million by 1984. A 15% power reduction will lead to savings of $1. 16 million in 1981 and annual savings of $1. 77 million from 1984 – 1989. A 20% power reduction will lead to savings of $1. 55 million in 1981 and annual savings of $2. 36 million from 1984 – 1989. In the calculation of incremental cash flow from these improvements, we also must factor in the initial outlay of $2. 25 million and the effects of depreciation. Since the improvement is depreciated over ten years, we have an annual increase to cash flow of $225,000, which is the annual depreciation expense. We have started effects on cash flow besides initial outlay in 1981 due to the installation taking place at the very end of 1980. No effects from the improvements will be realized in 1980. Overall, the installation of this laminate is a great project. Power savings will lead to an IRR of 16. 37% for the 15% power reduction case and 18. 14% for the 20% power reduction case. The NPV of the project became positive $ 97,000 for the 15% power reduction case and $ 1. 23 million for the 20% power reduction case when discounting at the WACC (Exhibit III). Attractiveness of Collinsville Proposal on economic grounds From an economic standpoint, the Collinsville proposal is not attractive due to a negative NPV. This acquisition will devalue of the firm by $ 1. 8 million and will provide a 12. 86% IRR which is below WACC for Collinsville plant. Namely, expected return of the project will not satisfy estimated risk. Thus, Dixon should not invent in the plant and is recommended to research other alternative projects if possible. In more competitive market, easier entrants can push any economic revenue down to â€Å"zero. † The sole reason why the firm decides to enter the competitive market is to take alive economic revenue. For this Collinsville plant, there is no economic driver for Dixon to enter the market with the acquisition. Attractiveness of Collinsville Proposal on Strategic grounds From a strategic standpoint, Collinsville appears to be a good investment for Dixon even though there is no beneficial motivation on economic ground. From the fact that Dixon Corporation had produced a number of chemicals for sales primarily to the paper and pulp industry, it can be said that it is a value-added business with the experience rather than venturous business. As such, the acquisition of the Collinsville plant would fit well with Dixon’s strategy, incorporating a new product in its business, thereby giving it a more comprehensive range of products and a new source of revenue. In addition, since Dixon and Collinsville share a number of major customers, economies of scale can be applied, allowing the corporation to save on selling costs by marketing sodium chlorate through Dixon’s existing sales group. Besides the potential synergies obtained from acquiring Collinsville, Dixon should consider the opportunity costs incurred if they do not purchase the plant. For one, if Dixon does not acquire the plant it is a reasonable assumption that one of their competitors will. Another consideration is the market share Dixon may gain from expanding its product line. Decision and Recommendations We believe that Dixon should not approve the acquisition of the Collinsville plant. This acquisition has a negative NPV and will devalue $1. 8 million of value to the firm. Even though there is benefit on strategic grounds, it is still hard to say firmly â€Å"But it. † We made some requirement to approve the acquisition. Only condition is that Dixon guarantees benefits on both strategic and economic grounds. We analyzed that there is strategic benefit to acquire the plant. In other hands, we were unable to find economic driver for Dixon. As we projected â€Å"Incremental Cash Flows Associated with Acquisition with Laminate Technology Investment†, we know a way that can overturn a negative NPV to a positive NPV. That is Ramp;D. Investment in new technology would be only way for Dixon to survive this competitive market and be leading company. There should be cash outflow for Ramp;D expenditure, but it would bring competitive advantage of cost-saving which results in considerable increasing of IRR and NPV. From the fact that Ramp;D is the most important factor on this project decision, we recommend the Dixon to invest/ acquire plant that is long-lived. And with less attractive appreciation schedule with longer term, purchase price would be amicably negotiable. We would recommend that Dixon would choose to invest in another project even it had never experienced. It should also satisfy benefits on both strategic and economic ground. Within the scope, if Dixon finds an alternative project meeting both benefits and has favorable funding required, it will be more valuable project than Collinsville plant. The dilemma for Dixon to make a decision on any potential project is the degree of importance on strategic and economic grounds. We understand that both are critical criteria for project judgment. But we insisted that importance on strategic ground is superior to that on economic ground. Simply, economic ground depends on whether NPV is greater than zero or not. It is like â€Å"True/False† question. Once, Dixon sees there is economic benefit, the strategic driver dominates. This strategic approach is long-term driven business implementation.

Sonnet 130 - My mistress eyes are nothing like th Essays

Sonnet 130 - My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun William Shakespeare In Sonnet 130, the speaker describes the woman that he loves in extremely unflattering terms but claims that he truly loves her, which lends credibility to his claim because even though he does not find her attractive, he still declares his love for her. The speaker says that the dark lady's beauty cannot be compared to the beauty of a goddess or to that found in nature, for she is but a mortal human being. The sonnet is generally considered a humorous parody of the typical love sonnet. Petrarch, for example, addressed many of his most famous sonnets to an idealized woman named Laura, whose beauty he often likened to that of a goddess. In contrast Shakespeare makes no attempt at deification of the dark lady; in fact he shuns it outright, as we see in lines 11-12: "I grant I never saw a goddess go; / My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground." Here the poet explicitly states that his mistress is not a goddess. In Sonnet 130 Shakespeare is talking of his mistress, her fault and his feelings about her and her faults. The sonnet is about how love will remain permanent. It assures us that his love is strong even if the woman has flaws. Sonnet 130 asserts the power of love. In the first stanza, the speaker says that his lover's eyes are "nothing like the sun," her lips are less red than coral; compared to white snow, her breasts are dun-colored, this means that her breasts are grey-brown, and her hairs are like black wires on her head. That means that her hair is not smooth nor it is silk. The speaker confirms that his mistress is ordinary when compared to the sun, coral, and snow . She is not as beautiful as these things. In fact, she is quite the opposite, with dark eyes, pale lips, brown breasts, and black hair. In the second quatrain, "I have seen roses damasked, red and white" he explains how he have seen the different changes of color in roses, which he has never seen in her cheeks. As Shakespeare further his comparison of his lover he states that perfume has a more delightful smell that the breath she "reeks". "I love to hear her speak, yet well I know that music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; my mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground". He is saying that she is a human being. In these, lines he lets the reader know that even though he love the way she talks, music has a more pleasant sound. Also, although he has never seen a goddess, he knows that goddess doesn't walk on ground. So, his love one cannot be compared to a goddess because she walks on the solid ground. With each quatrain there is a progression of what seems to be a metaphorical mockery on traditional love poems of the period. With her pale cheeks and malodorous breath, Shakespeare seems to be listing all of his mistress' imperfections. His lack of flattery for her is flattery in itself, as he loves her despite her physical faults. The extensive list is detailed into each quatrain. Shakespeare resists the conventional simile "my mistress' eyes are like the sun"; he instead uses a negative simile "my mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun". Shakespeare is mocking the traditional beauty. In the couplet, however, the speaker declares that, "by heaven ," he thinks his love as rare and valuable "As any she belied with false compare"that is, any love in which false comparisons were invoked to describe the loved one's beauty . In those last two lines of the poem, the Volta there is an obvious change in attitude, and showing the point of the poem, the speaker proclaims that his love is "as rare/As any she belied with false compare". Even though the speaker has just brought attention to the many shortcomings of his love, he not only loves her, but he loves her and thinks more highly of her than any woman who has ever

The relationship between inflation and unemployment in Vietnam Essays

The relationship between inflation and unemployment in Vietnam Essays The relationship between inflation and unemployment in Vietnam Paper The relationship between inflation and unemployment in Vietnam Paper Part I Vietnam s economic growing depend on two chief factors: internal ( the stimulation of economic system export and import ) and external factors ( planetary environment market and Vietnam s fight ) . In general tendency, Vietnam s GDP has gone up from 7,8 % in 2004 to 8.5 % in 2007. But, it merely reached merely 6.2 % ( 2008 ) and 5.3 % in 2009 because of fiscal crisis.[ 2 ] In 2009, Vietnam economic system has a positive alteration: GDP increased over the quarters for all twelvemonth, this increasing is about 5.32 % . In this twelvemonth, the GDP growing despites a lower growing rate of 6.2 % in 2008 but has exceeded 5 % mark set[ 3 ]. Vietnam s economic system is divided into three big sector economic system: agribusiness, forestry and piscaries. In 2008 Vietnam exported about 64.8 billion U.S dollars, of which about 32.1 % of export value was the heavy industry and minerals ; 45.2 % was light industry and handcraft ; 32.5 % were agricultural, forestry and piscaries. During that same twelvemonth, the import value reached 60.8 billion dollars, of which the estimated 30.2 % of imports were machinery, equipment, tools of all sorts and 63.7 % were natural stuffs informations, merely 6.1 % for consumer goods. Vietnam s mean income existent GDP per capita has grown quickly since the state launched the Doi Moi Reform, turning at an mean one-year rate of 5.06 per centum between 1986 and 1997 ( pre-Asian Financial crisis ) and at the higher rate of 5.64 per centum between 1997 and 2009 ( Figure 2.1 ) . Vietnam stood out as one of the fastest turning economic systems in the universe during this period leting it to make the lower middle-income group in 2008 when its per capita income exceeded USD 1,000. And it continues to do important advancement since, despite the recent fiscal crisis [ 4 ] The foreign investor considered that Viet Nam is a 2nd absorbing finish next to China in the Asia- Pacific country. FDI capital have an of import portion in National budget and to assist besides Vietnam economic system higher growing in the last few old ages.[ 5 ] In 2010, the economic growing has estimated at 6.5 % . The growing is the fastest in Southeast Asia but it still inferior China, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand when they were at similar phases of development. But the monetary value could transcend 12 % in the approaching period, bespeaking the hazard of raising rising prices.[ 6 ] In the close hereafter, Vietnam s economic growing advancement will concentrate mostly ability to pull foreign investing and do a alteration in Vietnam s economic competitory ability. Vietnam will hold to travel tete-a-tete with China in pulling increased sums of foreign direct investing. Part II Inflation Inflation is one of the major challenges to Vietnam s economic system. It is besides the ground for slow growing of the province of the economic system of Vietnam. Inflation is understood as the uncontrolled addition in monetary value. It mean the devaluation of Vietnam currency. Because of the fluctuation of the US economic system, the exchange rate between Vietnam dong against US changed a batch within general increasing tendency which is showed in the figure beside[ 7 ]. As a consequence of that, most of company applied USD in their dealing alternatively of Vietnam dong, particularly in export goods. Beside that, several of Vietnamese individual who want to salvage their money in USD. Both of the grounds make the exchange rate kept traveling up and up. The escalation of monetary value make the consumer monetary value index in Vietnam has besides increase as show in figure following to with lift 1,05 % in October, 2010 by higher monetary values of instruction and nutrient sectors.[ 8 ] It is besides make the cost of goods or merchandises grow up. Viet Nam is one of the most state import really much ( 90 % GDP ) , the higher monetary value of fuel, stuff cause the higher monetary value of goods or merchandises. The company will bring forth less and the monetary value of goods maintain increasing. The rising prices in Viet Nam does non halt fluctuation. It comparative low in the mid-2000s and keeps traveling faster in recent old ages. The rising prices over the bound ( 9 % ) . In 2007, the rising prices is the double-digit rising prices. Between 2008s and 2009s was peculiarly terrible with the highest per centum of inflation- about 25 % . The rising prices is traveling down in 2010 ( 7 % ) because of the authorities policy.[ 9 ] On the other manus, the payment on the authorities is one of the biggest grounds, which cause the rising prices. If the authorities wage more money for goods and services, the money they pay is travel straight into the economic system, which cause the higher demand. Examples: The monetary value of rice export in 2007 go up 15 % from 2006 so the demand of rice export go up. At that clip, the supply can non run into the demand because of the catastrophe or another factors. All factors cause the demand -pull rising prices which makes monetary value of goods, merchandises or services grow up.[ 10 ] Viet Nam is a little economic system in the Asia, but Viet Nam makes an impressive by velocity of economic grow. So that is the ground why Viet Nam must pay for their fast and large success. To forestall the rising prices, the authorities should make many thing to forestall the turning of rising prices. They need to command the money they give to the economy-increase the value of money. On the other manus, the authorities must utilize their power to take down monetary value some necessary things such as nutrient or household usage in other to assist the hapless people and do the balance between demand and supply. Part III Unemployment The unemployment rate in Viet nam is a peculiar job. There are some grounds for this issue. It makes demand and supply of labour unequal, in fact, more supply than demand so that unemployed has rosin. What is unemployment? Unemployment is a statement that economic experts use to stand for all of people who in working age and ca nt happen a occupation or the workers who lost their occupation, but they are valuable for work at current pay rates. Unemployment rate is the figure unemployed expressed as a per centum of the labour force. [ 11 ] The statistics below which shows the unemployment rates in the different urban countries in Viet Nam signifier 1996 to 2008[ 12 ]: The highest rate was about 7 % of Vietnams population in 1998, and the general tendency went up from 1996 1998 and so went down 1999- 2008, except 2009. Most of unemployees are in the large metropolis and major economic country like Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh metropolis, Da Nang or Dong Nai states. % First, Vietnams population growing has reached 86 million people ( 2009 )[ 13 ], the 6th in Southeast Asia, and besides extremely increase in one-year. Its about 50 % of population are in working ages. It makes the socioeconomic development and making new occupations ever under the force per unit area. Most of Vietnamese workers graduated high school merely. The others who finished college or university with ill qualified to work, or low at proficient accomplishments because Vietnamese instruction system and preparation system has many problems.w Year Population ( million ) Number of people in working age ( million ) 2005 82.4 42.8 2006 83.3 44.0 2007 84.2 45.2 2008 85.1 46.5 2009 86.0 47.7 Figure 2: The relationship between Vietnams population and labour force. Second, the unsuitable population imbalance arrange among vary countries and concern lines.[ 14 ]Most of the immigrant are form the rural countries. They move to lives in the large metropolis where placed tonss of industrial Parkss. It makes the urban population is acquiring crowed. So on, the unemployment rate are ever high. The competition between the houses are the 3rd cause for unemployment. They had competed together in many concern field, particularly in engineering. Therefore, the little 1s will shut down. On the other manus, 1000 of mill has reduced its employees because of planetary economic sciences diminution and the fiscal crisis in 2008. The company can non sell or export their goods and services. Some of them has to halt working and the workers lose their occupation. As a consequence of that, the figure of unemployed workers maintain traveling up. Part IV THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT The same with many states all over the universe, Vietnam s Economy besides has the rising prices and unemployment. The unemployment and rising prices have the stopping point relationship with the sensible rising prices rates can do diminish the unemployment rates and advance the economic growing. The Viet Nam economic system was the same with what the Phillips curve show about. In the short tally, when the rising prices rate was low, the rate of unemployment was high and when the rising prices rate was high, the unemployment rate was low. In 2003, Vietnam GDP was less than 7 % with the rising prices rate was 3 % and the unemployment rate was 7 %[ 15 ]. The Government wanted to diminish the unemployment rate around 5 % , so the Government used the pecuniary policy by pouring out the money into the economic system. It increased the money supply and decreased the involvement rates. As a consequence, people were easy to borrow money from the bank because it was inexpensive. The concerns had a batch of alterations to increase their concerns ; they wanted to put more and more ; they hired more people to work for. Therefore, in 2004 the unemployment rate began to travel down approximately 5,6 %[ 16 ], it besides made the GDP increased and reached 8,48 % while the rising prices rate went significantly up about 9,5 %[ 17 ]. We can evidently see in the chart below: EMBED Excel.Chart.8 s

Major changes in family forms and structures that have taken place in Essay

Major changes in family forms and structures that have taken place in Australia since Federation - Essay Example Gilding (1995, p.8) contends that the family form is a ‘social ordering of kinship and co-residence’ that is politically asserted with the aim of attaching relations based on reliance and commitment but that the family members alter and modify that form to meet their own needs and demands. The historical definition proposed by sociologists and anthropologists was the ‘nuclear family’, which was thus considered as the norm to the extent by some that the construct was a universal ‘basic living unit’ (Baker, 2001, p.7). Today the term ‘nuclear family’ is still under contention, with some believing the ideal is a myth (Eichler, 1997, cited in Baker 2001) to which very few households have and do actually adhere; for others it is the norm but declining (Briggs, 1994; Gilding, 1995). Bittman & Pixley (1997) believe the fact that the nuclear family is declining at the rapid pace as proposed by government statistics and researchers, is itsel f a myth. While they agree there is a diversity of family units, they assert that the measurements are invalid because they are taken at a particular point in time and that people move via a succession of changes wherein they move in and out of a nuclear family structure. What is apparent however, despite the myth or reality of a nuclear family being the norm within Australian society, is that the family structure and form has changed and become more diverse, particularly over the last four decades, for a number of reasons. Since the post war period more Australians have been marrying later and divorcing earlier; marrying partners from different ethnicities; making choices on whether to have children, how many and when; living in de-facto relationships (cohabitating) with and without children, living within homosexual or lesbian partnerships, with or without children, and mixing their family roles (Briggs, 1994). It is quite common to find Australian children living in sole parent f amilies, step parent families, extended families, same-sex families and foster families (Saggers & Sims, 2004). This diversity has been a progressive process over the last century due to the changes in fertility patterns, with women giving birth to 6 children on average pre-Federation to the current day average of 2 children per woman; increasing lifespan resulting in an aging population and an increase in the number of divorces and people choosing not to marry (Bittman & Pixley, 1997). Family diversity in Australia can also be attributed partly to immigration resulting in cultural and ethnic diversity. Immigrants bring a plethora of different beliefs, ideals, behaviours and languages, together with their family structures and relationships, and the roles each member plays within those family forms. Cultural diversity also incorporates Australia’s indigenous people, who again bring their own family structures and values to the stage. Thus the Australian family now incorporate s those that are not only diverse in terms of size (single parent, nuclear or extended families); they are also diverse in terms of organisation (Saggers & Sims, 2004) and the way in which children are raised, how elderly parents are cared for, and they are diverse in expectations of gender. Social changes and

Humans In Biological And Behavioral Continuum Essay

Humans In Biological And Behavioral Continuum - Essay Example In the behavioral and biological continuum, different animal species hold different positions. The determinant of this categorization based on a quantitative, rather than a qualitative approach. Humans rank as the most intelligent of all the other primates. This is the case if we define intelligence depending on thought patterns and ability to solve problems. Intelligence is a product of brain organ, which all primates own. The differences in intelligence level between human beings and other primates, therefore, rest on the differences in the capabilities of their brain matter. Human beings have a relatively larger brain as compared to chimpanzees and other primates, however, their brain processes and functions are the same (Lewis, Jurmain & Kilgore, 2010). Both human beings and other primates portray an array of related behavior. Parental love is vital for them all. The offspring of both humans and other primates need parental love, failure to which their growth will not be successful and whole, and will reflect in their adulthood years. All primate species show their need for bonding with others. In their early developmental years, young humans and other young primates depend on their older counterparts for general learning and adaptation to their new environment. Older members of human and other primates’ population are charged with the role of nurturing the young ones. All primates, including humans, react differently to different situations. The difference is that humans demonstrate a more adept degree of feelings and emotions such as cruelty, aggression, tenderness, altruism, and compassion. Humans can differentiate between ‘good’ and ‘evil’, unlike chimpanzees that do not even feel grief.

Development Of Language Through Communication

Development Of Language Through Communication The need to share and relate to our environment made way for the formulation of a means of communicating and further allowed for the development of language. The view that Language is an innate ability and not develop through learning may be flawed in the sense that it can be developed through basic interaction of ones surrounding as well as a more advance development which well require some external assistance. Language is defined as a set of rules shared by individuals who are communicating, that allows them to exchange thoughts , ideas and emotions, where as innate abilities can be seen as skills which are genetically or biologically hardwired into an individuals being. There are many theories as to the development/acquisition of language, such as the Babbling Perspective, Social Interactionist Theory and The Nativist Perspective. The Babbling Perspective as put forward by BF. Skinner argues that adults shape the speech of children by reinforcing the babbling of infants that sound most like words (Skinner, 1957). Dr. C. George Boerees claim is that language all begins in infancy, he states that from conception to the first 6 months babies make a significant amount of noise; they Yell, Squeal, Growl and gives Raspberries, They also Coo; Cooing is what he recognized and theorized as the production of what will later become Vowels (A,E,I,O,U). From 6 Months to about 10 Months they produce somewhat more complicated sounds called babbling, first they produce their vowels starting with the more round back vowels (oo, oh, ah.) working their way the unrounded vowels (ee,eh,ah..) they usually form their first consonants H,M and B which can be combined with t he vowels to make syllables, soon after they will add P,T,D,N,W,F,V and Y, a little later K,G and NG. He also recognized that infants will further add S and Z and took awhile longer to form SH, CH, J and TH, the very last sound would be L and R. Boeree further acknowledge that because the way language is develop in infants it causes them to pronounce words oddly, for example Fis does fine for Fish, Wobbut for Robert and Cawa for Carla. He also stressed that they can perceive far more than they can pronounce, this is sometimes called the Fis phenomenon. Infants he argues might not be able to say certain words, but they will not put up with adults mispronouncing them. Boeree went on to state that both parents plays a huge role in the forming of the childs language, this means that even if we are pre-programmed in some way to speak language, we need to learn a specific language from the people around us, he also state that a mother wouldà ¿typically adjust their speech to fit the childs level, this he says is called Motherese.à ¿ Motherese is a universal feature that is found in practically every culture, it takes the form of a sing-song quality and many special baby words. It is also embedded into the context of theà ¿immediateà ¿surroundings, with constant reference to things nearby ad activities that are on going. Motherese also involves subtleà ¿shapingà ¿called protoconversations, here mother involves infants that do little more than just coo and babble. For example: Mother, Child (one year old) MotherChild Look! (Getting the childs attention)(Baby touches picture) What are these? (Asking question)à ¿(Baby babbles and smiles) Yes, they are doggies (naming Object) à ¿ (Child vocalizes smiles and looks at mom) (Mom laughs) Yes, Doggies! (Repeating) (Child vocalizes and smiles) (Laugh) Yes! (Giving feedback)(Child laughs) Mother would also ask questions like Where is it? and What is it doing? any response would be rewarded with happiness. The conversation however becomes more meaningful when the child is able to use their own words. Boeree concluded that by 10 months most children are able to understand between 5-10 à ¿words, he also observed that a significant portion are able to learn up to 40 words. One other theory is that of the Social Interactionist formulated by Lev Vygotsky, in the 1950s and 1960s. This theory argues that language development is both biological and social; it further states that language learning is influenced by the desire of children to communicate with others within their environment. (Shaffer, 2003). Other Interactionist believes that children are born with powerful brains that slowly predispose them to acquire new understandings that they are motivate to share with others. (Bates, 1993, Tomasella, 1995) Interactionist focuses onà ¿collaborative learning; this is the view that with older people will help children to develop both cognitively and linguistically. (Shaffer, et.al, 2002). Learning is promoted through collaboration collaboration among students, and between students and teacher. From a social Interactionist perspective as students share background knowledge and participate in the give and take of collaborative and cooperative activities they are actually negotiating meaning. They are building knowledge, not as individuals, but as a group. People who surround the individual student, and the culture within which that person lives, greatly affect the way he or she makes sense of the world. This is an ongoing process through out the development of the individuals life; this can take the form of simple task early in the childs life, which may include team sports, and jigsaw puzzles. As the child develops other forms of collaborative learning would include networking, and mentoring. Each of these activities would help the child to interact with those around them, to ask question, and to find solution for said questions. Noam Chomsky (1950) played an integral role in language development with his theory known as the Nativist perspective, this perspective is of the view that humans are biologically programmed to gain knowledge. Chomsky further argues that all humans have a Language Acquisition Device (LAD). The LAD he states contains knowledge of grammatical rules common to all language. (Cited by Shaffer, et.al, 2002). The LAD also allows children to understand the rules of whatever language listing to. Chomsky also developed the concepts of transformational grammar, Surface Structure and Deep meaning. Transformational grammar refers to grammar that transforms a sentence; Surface structures are words that are actually written and deep meaning refers to the underlining meaning or message of a sentence (Mothn, 2005). Chomsky argues that children know about deep structure and they are also able to apply a rule that allows them to manipulate these structures, he called these grammatical transformations. One such example of this is in my view is crying, a newborn who is hungry might not be able toà ¿readilyà ¿say Mom Im hungry but its need to communicate is discomfort stimulates a neurological response (Crying) that will not get the attention of the parent but also convey the childs message, not to say the parent may immediately know that the child want to be fed, but its here her own need to understand the child causes her to perform a series of check for example a diaper check and th e child realizing that its need its need for food is not being address may now begin to cry louder until satisfaction is present, this in return creates a form of language between child and parent that will later take them on a journey of a more advance level of language development which involve proper vocalization. In essence Chomskys perspective that if a child has a properly functioning Language Acquisition Device(LAD) then language will develop regardless of the kind of language the exposed to, as long as the child is raised in an otherwiseà ¿nurturing environment.(Fitch,W.T.S,2009) Chomskys views areà ¿criticized saying it focuses mainly on the internal mental structure and thinking process of the child. Critics have argued that this is unlikely,à ¿stemmingà ¿from their own researched and evidence gathered they say that it would not fully enable us to understand what exactly going on in aà ¿childsà ¿mind. Further critiques were based on the role of people assisting the child to learn language which tends to be overlooked. Researchers have observed that adult speech is fraught with hesitations,à ¿repetitions, slip of tongue and so on and therefore provide an imperfect model. however research have shown that adults make considerable modification to their speech when talking toà ¿childrenà ¿, theses modifications are designed to assist the child with language learning(Fitch,W.T.S,2009).

Star Mars :: essays research papers

Star Mars Since the boom in space technology about 30 years ago, man has found the method for expanding his existence beyond the many once thought "unbreakable barriers." Together with this development in space technology came a large quantity of information and discoveries of the compounds of the universe, and scientific questions seemed to jump out in equal number. The question that captures the eye of the media today causing a bitter controversy is probably the most easy to understand, considering the complex astronomy jargon. Is life possible on Mars? The fact is we still don't know. "Some of the early arguments we now know to be almost certainly erroneous, but even the most recent pieces of evidence do not unambiguously demonstrate the existence of life on Mars." ( Sagan and Shklovskii 273) Some scientist believe man should look up in the sky searching for new habitats for future generations, since human kind today seems to be going backwards in many aspects of the earth's ecology. The first attempt would be to study the moon; the second, our neighbor planet. Unfortunately, our actual technology slightly provides strong, useful information about the red planet because of the vast distance between us. While people such as Steven Spielberg and George Lucas try to convince us with hundred million dollar movies that we are not alone, engineers and geologists like from the NASA-Stanford University team pursue, based on true evidence, the idea of possible life on Mars. However, the burden of proof is sometimes too heavy even based on real evidence. The tough debate started on August 1996, when scientists from the NASA-SU team announced that a meteorite found on the Antartica contained evidence of past life on the red planet. They supported their conclusion on the basis of organic molecules, carbonates, and minerals found inside the rock, which are basic components of living things. This announcement astonished the world, but not the critics who skeptically stated opposite explanations for each of the components discovered. The main discussion focused by critics like Allan Treiman arguing that "This scientist have lowered the standards of evidence rather than raised them, which is what you would expect for a claim this extraordinary." (qtd. in Begley and Rogers 58) The problem raises when it is proved that those kinds of minerals and organic molecules found in the meteorite, which fell from Mars about 13,000 years ago, can also be formed during nonbiological reactions such as very high temperatures. For us, the common magazine readers, it is difficult to deal with these two positions: the final acceptance of extraterrestrial life, which is the

The Host Chapter 43: Frenzied

I imagined that from the outside, I looked as still as a statue. My hands were folded in front of me, my face was without expression, my breathing was too shallow to move my chest. Inside, I was spinning apart, as if the pieces of my atoms were reversing polarity and blowing away from one another. Bringing Melanie back had not saved him. All that I could do was not enough. The hall outside our room was crowded. Jared, Kyle, and Ian were back from their desperate raid, empty-handed. A cooler of ice-that was all they had to show for three days of risking their lives. Trudy was making compresses and laying them across Jamie's forehead, the back of his neck, his chest. Even if the ice cooled the fever, raging out of control, how long until it was all melted? An hour? More? Less? How long until he was dying again? I would have been the one to put the ice on him, but I couldn't move. If I moved, I would fall into microscopic pieces. â€Å"Nothing?† Doc murmured. â€Å"Did you check -â€Å" â€Å"Every spot we could think of,† Kyle interrupted. â€Å"It's not like painkillers, drugs-lots of people had reason to keep those hidden. The antibiotics were always kept in the open. They're gone, Doc.† Jared just stared down at the red-faced child on the bed, not speaking. Ian stood beside me. â€Å"Don't look like that,† he whispered. â€Å"He'll pull through. He's tough.† I couldn't respond. Couldn't even hear the words, really. Doc knelt beside Trudy and pulled Jamie's chin down. With a bowl he scooped up some of the ice water from the cooler and let it trickle into Jamie's mouth. We all heard the thick, painful sound of Jamie's swallowing. But his eyes didn't open. I felt as though I would never be able to move again. That I would turn into part of the stone wall. I wanted to be stone. If they dug a hole for Jamie in the empty desert, they would have to put me in it, too. Not good enough, Melanie growled. I was despairing, but she was filled with fury. They tried. Trying solves nothing. Jamie will not die. They have to go back out. For what purpose? Even if they did find your old antibiotics, what are the chances they would still be any good? They only worked half the time anyway. Inferior. He doesn't need your medicine. He needs more than that. Something that really works†¦ My breathing sped up, deepened as I saw it. He needs mine, I realized. Mel and I were both awestruck by the obviousness of this idea. The simplicity of it. My stone lips cracked apart. â€Å"Jamie needs real medicines. The ones the souls have. We need to get him those.† Doc frowned at me. â€Å"We don't even know what those things do, how they work.† â€Å"Does it matter?† Some of Melanie's anger was seeping into my voice. â€Å"They do work. They can save him.† Jared stared at me. I could feel Ian's eyes on me, too, and Kyle's, and all the rest in the room. But I saw only Jared. â€Å"We can't get 'em, Wanda,† Jeb said, his tone already one of defeat. Giving up. â€Å"We can only get into deserted places. There's always a bunch of your kind in a hospital. Twenty-four hours a day. Too many eyes. We won't do Jamie any good if we get caught.† â€Å"Sure,† Kyle said in a hard voice. â€Å"The centipedes will be only too happy to heal his body when they find us here. And make him one of them. Is that what you're after?† I turned to glare at the big, sneering man. My body tensed and leaned forward. Ian put his hand on my shoulder as if he were holding me back. I didn't think I would have made any aggressive move toward Kyle, but maybe I was wrong. I was so far from my normal self. When I spoke, my voice was dead even, no inflection. â€Å"There has to be a way.† Jared was nodding. â€Å"Maybe someplace small. The gun would make too much noise, but if there were enough of us to overwhelm them, we could use knives.† â€Å"No.† My arms came unfolded, my hands falling open in shock. â€Å"No. That's not what I meant. Not killing -â€Å" No one even listened to me. Jeb was arguing with Jared. â€Å"There's no way, kid. Somebody'd get a call off to the Seekers. Even if we were in and out, something like that would bring 'em down on us in force. We'd be hard-pressed to make it out at all. And they'd follow.† â€Å"Wait. Can't you -â€Å" They still weren't listening to me. â€Å"I don't want the boy to die, either, but we can't risk everyone's lives for one person,† Kyle said. â€Å"People die here; it happens. We can't get crazy to save one boy.† I wanted to choke him, to cut off his air in order to stop his calm words. Me, not Melanie. I was the one who wanted to turn his face purple. Melanie felt the same way, but I could tell how much of the violence came directly from me. â€Å"We have to save him,† I said, louder now. Jeb looked at me. â€Å"Hon, we can't just walk in there and ask.† Right then, another very simple and obvious truth occurred to me. â€Å"You can't. But I can.† The room fell dead silent. I was caught up in the beauty of the plan forming in my head. The perfection of it. I spoke mostly to myself, and to Melanie. She was impressed. This would work. We could save Jamie. â€Å"They aren't suspicious. Not at all. Even if I'm a horrible liar, they would never suspect me of anything. They wouldn't be listening for lies. Of course not. I'm one of them. They would do anything to help me. I'd say I got hurt hiking or something†¦ and then I'd find a way to be alone and I'd take as much as I could hide. Think of it! I could get enough to heal everyone here. To last for years. And Jamie would be fine! Why didn't I think of this before? Maybe it wouldn't have been too late even for Walter.† I looked up then, with shining eyes. It was just so perfect! So perfect, so absolutely right, so obvious to me, that it took me forever to understand the expressions on their faces. If Kyle's had not been so explicit, it might have taken me longer. Hatred. Suspicion. Fear. Even Jeb's poker face was not enough. His eyes were tight with mistrust. Every face said no. Are they insane? Can't they see how this would help us all? They don't believe me. They think I'll hurt them, hurt Jamie! â€Å"Please,† I whispered. â€Å"It's the only way to save him.† â€Å"Patient, isn't it?† Kyle spit. â€Å"Bided its time well, don't you think?† I fought the desire to choke him again. â€Å"Doc?† I begged. He didn't meet my eyes. â€Å"Even if there was any way we could let you outside, Wanda†¦ I just couldn't trust drugs I don't understand. Jamie's a tough kid. His system will fight this off.† â€Å"We'll go out again, Wanda,† Ian murmured. â€Å"We'll find something. We won't come back until we do.† â€Å"That's not good enough.† The tears were pooling in my eyes. I looked to the one person who might possibly be in as much pain as I was. â€Å"Jared. You know. You know I would never let anything hurt Jamie. You know I can do this. Please.† He met my gaze for one long moment. Then he looked around the room, at every other face. Jeb, Doc, Kyle, Ian, Trudy. Out the door at the silent audience whose expressions mirrored Kyle's: Sharon, Violetta, Lucina, Reid, Geoffrey, Heath, Heidi, Andy, Aaron, Wes, Lily, Carol. My friends mixed in with my enemies, all of them wearing Kyle's face. He stared at the next row, which I couldn't see. Then he looked down at Jamie. There was no sound of breathing in the whole room. â€Å"No, Wanda,† he said quietly. â€Å"No.† A sigh of relief from the rest. My knees buckled. I fell forward and yanked free of Ian's hands when he tried to pull me back up. I crawled to Jamie and pushed Trudy aside with my elbow. The silent room watched. I took the compress from his head and refilled the melted ice. I didn't meet the stares I could feel on my skin. I couldn't see anyway. The tears swam in front of my eyes. â€Å"Jamie, Jamie, Jamie,† I crooned. â€Å"Jamie, Jamie, Jamie.† I couldn't seem to do anything but sob out his name and touch the packets of ice over and over, waiting for the moment they would need changing. I heard them leave, a few at a time. I heard their voices, mostly angry, fade away down the halls. I couldn't make sense of the words, though. Jamie, Jamie, Jamie†¦ â€Å"Jamie, Jamie, Jamie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ian knelt beside me when the room was almost empty. â€Å"I know you wouldn't†¦ but Wanda, they'll kill you if you try,† he whispered. â€Å"After what happened†¦ in the hospital. They're afraid you have good reason to destroy us†¦ Anyway, he'll be all right. You have to trust that.† I turned my face from him, and he went away. â€Å"Sorry, kid,† Jeb mumbled when he left. Jared left. I didn't hear him go, but I knew when he was gone. That seemed right to me. He didn't love Jamie the way we did. He had proved that. He should go. Doc stayed, watching helplessly. I didn't look at him. The daylight faded slowly, turned orange and then gray. The ice melted and was gone. Jamie started to burn alive under my hands. â€Å"Jamie, Jamie, Jamie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My voice was cracked and hoarse now, but I couldn't stop. â€Å"Jamie, Jamie, Jamie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The room turned black. I couldn't see Jamie's face. Would he leave in the night? Had I already seen his face, his living face, for the last time? His name was just a whisper on my lips now, low enough that I could hear Doc's quiet snoring. I wiped the tepid cloth across his body without ceasing. As the water dried, it cooled him a little. The burn lessened. I began to believe that he wouldn't die tonight. But I wouldn't be able to hold him here forever. He would slip away from me. Tomorrow. The next day. And then I would die, too. I would not live without Jamie. Jamie, Jamie, Jamie†¦ Melanie groaned. Jared didn't believe us. The lament was both of ours. We thought it at the same time. It was still silent. I didn't hear anything. Nothing alerted me. Then, suddenly, Doc cried out. The sound was oddly muffled, like he was shouting into a pillow. My eyes couldn't make sense of the shapes in the darkness at first. Doc was jerking strangely. And he seemed too big-like he had too many arms. It was terrifying. I leaned over Jamie's inert form, to protect him from whatever was happening. I could not flee while he lay helpless. My heart pounded against my ribs. Then the flailing arms were still. Doc's snore started up again, louder and thicker than before. He slumped to the ground, and the shape separated. A second figure pulled itself away from his and stood in the darkness. â€Å"Let's go,† Jared whispered. â€Å"We don't have time to waste.† My heart nearly exploded. He believes. I jumped to my feet, forcing my stiff knees to unbend. â€Å"What did you do to Doc?† â€Å"Chloroform. It won't last long.† I turned quickly and poured the warm water over Jamie, soaking his clothes and the mattress. He didn't stir. Perhaps that would keep him cool until Doc woke up. â€Å"Follow me.† I was on his heels. We moved silently, almost touching, almost running but not quite. Jared hugged the walls, and I did the same. He stopped when we reached the light of the moon-bright garden room. It was deserted and still. I could see Jared clearly for the first time. He had the gun slung behind his back and a knife sheathed at his waist. He held out his hands, and there was a length of dark fabric in them. I understood at once. The whispered words raced out of my mouth. â€Å"Yes, blindfold me.† He nodded, and I closed my eyes while he tied the cloth over them. I would keep them closed anyway. The knot was quick and tight. When he was done, I spun myself in a fast circle-once, twice†¦ His hands stopped me. â€Å"That's okay,† he said. And then he gripped me harder and lifted me off the ground. I gasped in surprise as he threw me against his shoulder. I folded there, my head and chest hanging over his back, beside the gun. His arms held my legs against his chest, and he was already moving. I bounced as he jogged, my face brushing against his shirt with each stride. I had no sense of which way we were going; I didn't try to guess or think or feel. I concentrated only on the bouncing of his gait, counting steps. Twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three†¦ I could feel him lean as the path took him down and then up. I tried not to think about it. Four hundred twelve, four hundred thirteen, four hundred fourteen†¦ I knew when we were out. I smelled the dry, clean breeze of the desert. The air was hot, though it had to be close to midnight. He pulled me down and set me on my feet. â€Å"The ground is flat. Do you think you can run blindfolded?† â€Å"Yes.† He grabbed my elbow tightly in his hand and took off, setting a rigorous pace. It wasn't easy. He caught me time and time again before I could fall. I started to get used to it after a while, and I kept my balance better over the tiny pits and rises. We ran until we were both gasping. â€Å"If†¦ we can get†¦ to the jeep†¦ we'll be in†¦ the clear.† The jeep? I felt a strange wave of nostalgia. Mel hadn't seen the jeep since the first leg of that disastrous trip to Chicago, hadn't known it had survived. â€Å"If we†¦ can't?† I asked. â€Å"They catch us†¦ they'll kill you. Ian's†¦ right about†¦ that part.† I tried to run faster. Not to save my life, but because I was the only one who could save Jamie's. I stumbled again. â€Å"Going to†¦ take off the blindfold. You'll be†¦ faster.† â€Å"You sure?† â€Å"Don't†¦ look around. ‘Kay?† â€Å"Promise.† He yanked at the knots behind my head. As the fabric fell away from my eyes, I focused them only on the ground at my feet. It made a world of difference. The moonlight was bright, and the sand was very smooth and pale. Jared dropped his arm and broke into a faster stride. I kept up easily now. Distance running was familiar to my body. I settled into my preferred stride. Just over a six-minute mile, I'd guess. I couldn't keep up that pace forever, but I'd run myself into the ground trying. â€Å"You hear†¦ anything?† he asked. I listened. Just two sets of running feet on the sand. â€Å"No.† He grunted in approval. I guessed this was the reason he'd stolen the gun. They couldn't stop us from a distance without it. It took about an hour more. I was slowing then, and so was he. My mouth burned for water. I'd never looked up from the ground, so it startled me when he put his hand over my eyes. I faltered, and he pulled us to a walk. â€Å"We're okay now. Just ahead†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He left his hand over my eyes and tugged me forward. I heard our footsteps echo off something. The desert wasn't as flat here. â€Å"Get in.† His hand disappeared. It was nearly as dark as it was with him covering my eyes. Another cave. Not a deep one. If I turned around, I would be able to see out of it. I didn't turn. The jeep faced into the darkness. It looked just the same as I remembered it, this vehicle I had never seen. I swung myself over the door into the seat. Jared was in his seat already. He leaned over and tied the blindfold over my eyes again. I held still to make it easier. The noise of the engine scared me. It seemed too dangerous. There were so many people who shouldn't find us now. We moved in reverse briefly, and then the wind was blasting my face. There was a funny sound behind the jeep, something that didn't fit Melanie's memories. â€Å"We're going to Tucson,† he told me. â€Å"We never raid there-it's too close. But we don't have time for anything else. I know where a small hospital is, not too deep into town.† â€Å"Not Saint Mary's?† He heard the alarm in my voice. â€Å"No, why?† â€Å"I know someone there.† He was quiet for a minute. â€Å"Will you be recognized?† â€Å"No. No one will know my face. We don't have†¦ wanted people. Not like you did.† â€Å"Okay.† But he had me thinking now, thinking about my appearance. Before I could voice my concerns, he took my hand and folded it around something very small. â€Å"Keep that close to you.† â€Å"What is it?† â€Å"If they guess that you're†¦ with us, if they're going to†¦ put someone else in Mel's body, you put that in your mouth and bite down on it hard.† â€Å"Poison?† â€Å"Yes.† I thought about that for a moment. And then I laughed; I couldn't help it. My nerves were frayed with worry. â€Å"It's not a joke, Wanda,† he said angrily. â€Å"If you can't do it, then I have to take you back.† â€Å"No, no, I can.† I tried to get a hold of myself. â€Å"I know I can. That's why I'm laughing.† His voice was harsh. â€Å"I don't get the joke.† â€Å"Don't you see? For millions of my own kind, I've never been able to do that. Not for my own†¦ children. I was always too afraid to die that final time. But I can do it for one alien child.† I laughed again. â€Å"It doesn't make any sense. Don't worry, though. I can die to protect Jamie.† â€Å"I'm trusting you to do just that.† It was silent for a moment, and then I remembered what I looked like. â€Å"Jared, I don't look right. For walking into a hospital.† â€Å"We've got better clothes stashed with the†¦ less-conspicuous vehicles. That's where we're headed now. About five more minutes.† That wasn't what I meant, but he was right. These clothes would never do. I waited to talk to him about the rest. I needed to look at myself first. The jeep stopped, and he pulled off the blindfold. â€Å"You don't have to keep your eyes down,† he told me when my head ducked automatically. â€Å"There's nothing here to give us away. Just in case this place was ever discovered.† It wasn't a cave. It was a rock slide. A few of the bigger boulders had been carefully excavated, leaving clever dark spaces under them that no one would suspect of housing anything but dirt and smaller rocks. The jeep was already lodged in a tight space. I was so close to the rock, I had to climb over the back of the jeep to get out. There was something odd attached to the bumper-chains and two very dirty tarps, all ragged and torn. â€Å"Here,† Jared said, and led the way to a shadowy crevice just a little shorter than he was. He brushed aside a dusty, dirt-colored tarp and rifled through a pile hiding behind it. He pulled out a T-shirt, soft and clean, with tags still attached. He ripped those off and threw the shirt to me. Then he dug until he found a pair of khaki pants. He checked the size, then flipped them to me, too. â€Å"Put them on.† I hesitated for a moment while he waited, wondering what my problem was. I flushed and then turned my back to him. I yanked my ragged shirt over my head and replaced it as quickly as my fumbling fingers could manage. I heard him clear his throat. â€Å"Oh. I'll, uh, get the car.† His footsteps moved away. I stripped off my tattered cutoff sweats and pulled the crisp new pants into place. My shoes were in bad shape, but they weren't that noticeable. Besides, comfortable shoes weren't always easy to come by. I could pretend I had an attachment to this pair. Another engine came to life, quieter than the jeep's. I turned to see a modest, unremarkable sedan pull out of a deep shadow under a boulder. Jared got out and chained the tattered tarps from the jeep to this car's rear bumper. Then he drove it to where I stood, and as I saw the heavy tarps wipe the tire tracks from the dirt, I comprehended their purpose. Jared leaned across the seat to open the passenger door. There was a backpack on the seat. It lay flat, empty. I nodded to myself. Yes, this I needed. â€Å"Let's go.† â€Å"Hold on,† I said. I crouched to look at myself in the side mirror. Not good. I flipped my chin-length hair over my cheek, but it wasn't enough. I touched my cheek and bit my lip. â€Å"Jared. I can't go in with my face like this.† I pointed to the long, jagged scar across my skin. â€Å"What?† he demanded. â€Å"No soul would have a scar like this. They would have had it treated. They'll wonder where I've been. They'll ask questions.† His eyes widened and then narrowed. â€Å"Maybe you should have thought of this before I snuck you out. If we go back now, they'll think it was a ploy for you to learn the way out.† â€Å"We're not going back without medicine for Jamie.† My voice was harder than his. His got harder to match it. â€Å"What do you propose we do, then, Wanda?† â€Å"I'll need a rock.† I sighed. â€Å"You're going to have to hit me.†